Theory-ladenness of observation threatens the claim only if it collapses the distinction between data collection and data interpretation, a conflation Fodor's modularity thesis argues against.

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Conflation(as the logical error the Tiantai argument makes): Mistakenly treating two different things as if they were the same thing.
Data collection(scientific methodology): The process of gathering raw information or observations from the world without yet making sense of them.
Data interpretation(scientific methodology): The process of explaining what the collected information means and what conclusions we can draw from it.
Fodor(as the originator of the multiple realizability argument): Jerry Fodor is a famous philosopher who argued that the same mental state (like pain) could exist in different physical forms—in humans with biological brains, but also theoretically in aliens with completely different biology.
Modularity thesis(philosophy of mind): Fodor's theory that the mind is organized into separate, independent systems (like modules) that each handle different jobs, rather than being one unified processor.
theory-ladenness of observation(Philosophy of science; used to cast suspicion on the objectivity of observational evidence): The thesis that one cannot use empirical evidence to test a theory without already being committed to that theory, implying observational evidence is not fully independent of theoretical assumptions

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