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    Perspectives
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    42
    There is only one substance, which is both God and Nature — Carmelics
    Home/Consciousness & Mind
    HistoryEditSee Inverse

    There is only one substance, which is both God and Nature

    Consciousness & Mind
    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    2 reasons against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.The existence of a single substance is demonstrated by a version of the ontological argument
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    • 2.That which exists necessarily and is self-subsistent qualifies as substance in the fullest sense
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    • 3.Only the universe as a whole meets the criteria of being wholly necessary and self-subsistent
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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Leibniz's principle of the identity of indiscernibles entails that genuine substances must be individuated by intrinsic properties, requiring plurality.
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    • 2.If God and Nature share all intrinsic properties by identity, the concept of substance collapses into an undifferentiated unity that cannot ground causal explanation.
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    • 3.Causal explanation requires ontologically distinct relata, so a monist substance cannot account for the apparent causal structure of modes without vicious circularity.
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    Reason against 2 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Kant's Critique establishes that 'necessary existence' is not a coherent predicate applicable to any empirically unconditioned totality like 'the universe as a whole.'
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    • 2.If the ontological argument fails as Kant argues—existence not being a real predicate—the self-subsistence of a single all-encompassing substance cannot be demonstrated a priori.
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    Topics

    Consciousness & Mind

    Connections

    2 linked claims · 2 topics

    Natural Theology2 linkedDivine Attributes2 linked
    There is only one substanceThere is only one substance (established in 1P12 and 1P13)

    Related

    Causal explanation requires ontologically distinct relata, so a monist substance...If God and Nature share all intrinsic properties by identity, the concept of sub...If the ontological argument fails as Kant argues—existence not being a real pred...Kant's Critique establishes that 'necessary existence' is not a coherent predica...
    +6 moreShow less
    Leibniz's principle of the identity of indiscernibles entails that genuine subst...Only the universe as a whole meets the criteria of being wholly necessary and se...

    Similar

    Things or substances exist.82%There are only two kinds of substances: bodies and minds (Cordemoy's t...80%Descartes defines substances as things not dependent on other things i...79%There is no such thing as material substance.78%

    Source

    AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid
    SEP: substance
    View source passageHide passage
    For Spinoza, there is only one substance, the existence of which is demonstrated by a version of the ontological argument, that is thought of as being both God and Nature. It is an unending controversy whether Spinoza was a pantheist, or an atheist who called nature ‘God’ because it was the one true substance and existed necessarily. Everything else is a mode of this one substance. The view is analogous to a claim that the universe is space-time as a whole, with matter as distortions in it. If t
    Extraction notes

    Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

    Details

    That which exists necessarily and is self-subsistent qualifies as substance in t...
    The existence of a single substance is demonstrated by a version of the ontologi...
    There is only one substance
    There is only one substance (established in 1P12 and 1P13)
    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    3 (1 for, 2 against)
    Edits
    1 edit