Walter Rodney's framework establishes that current dysfunction is structurally produced by ongoing extractive relationships with former colonial powers, not endogenous African failure.

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Colonialism/Colonial powers(as used to reference European powers' control of Africa): When a powerful country conquers and controls other territories, taking their resources and governing them from abroad; 'colonial powers' are the countries doing the colonizing.
Extractive relationships(as used to describe the relationship between colonial powers and Africa): Economic relationships where one group takes resources or wealth from another, usually leaving the second group worse off.
Structurally produced(as used to explain how dysfunction is created): Problems or inequalities that are built into the system itself, rather than caused by individual choices or failures.
Walter Rodney(as the main thinker referenced in this statement): A Guyanese historian and political theorist (1942–1980) who studied how European colonialism impoverished Africa and the Caribbean by extracting resources and wealth.

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