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    Carmelics

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    Made withinDC&Austin
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    Home/Original/inverse
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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that We know about a particular word and its properties by perceiving its tokens

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    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Word types have modal and normative properties (e.g., correct spelling) that cannot be read off from any finite set of tokens.
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    • 2.Perceiving tokens only reveals how a word has been instantiated, not how it must or ought to be instantiated.
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    • 3.Therefore token-perception underdetermines the normative identity of the type, requiring non-perceptual rule-following knowledge à la Wittgenstein.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
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    • 1.Frege held that abstract objects like numbers and word meanings are grasped through intellectual intuition, not sensory perception of instances.
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    • 2.If word types are abstract objects in the Fregean sense, their essential properties belong to a third realm inaccessible to empirical observation.
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    • 3.Knowledge of the type derived from token-perception would then be epistemically derivative and potentially systematically mistaken about the type's true nature.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.A word type has all the properties that every one of its tokens has, except for properties types cannot have (e.g., being concrete)
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    • 2.Tokens are perceptible particulars whose shared properties can be observed
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    Strongest counterpoint
    Explore the most compelling reason on the other side.