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    When two existential quantifiers range over independent d... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The Barcan Formula (BF) is valid in Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML)

    When two existential quantifiers range over independent domains, switching their order does not alter the truth value of the formula

    Modality & Possibility
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    Modality & Possibility

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    In evaluating an existentially quantified formula ∃νφ at a possible world w, the...

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    The Barcan Formula (BF) is valid in Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML)

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    That is, informally, if there could be something satisfying any given description \(\varphi,\) then there is something that could satisfy that description, a thing that is possibly \(\varphi.\) The validity of BF in SQML rests on two facts: first, that in the model theory of SQML (as in all varieties of possible world semantics), the possibility operator \(\Diamond\) is literally an existential quantifier ranging over all possible worlds; and second, that, in evaluating an existentially quan

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