Wider consequentialism's attribution of intrinsic value to non-sentient natural objects faces the 'location problem': intrinsic value requires a valuing subject, as argued by Korsgaard and others.

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Korsgaard(as a philosopher referenced for her theory of practical identity): Christine Korsgaard is a modern philosopher who argues that our sense of self-worth comes from being able to reflect on and justify our actions through reason.
Non-sentient(as used in philosophy of nature): Unable to feel, experience, or be aware of anything; lacking consciousness or the ability to suffer or enjoy things.
The location problem(as used in ethics and philosophy of value): A philosophical puzzle asking: if value exists, where exactly does it exist or come from, and who or what experiences it?
Valuing subject(as used in philosophy of value): A being (like a person or animal) that is capable of caring about, appreciating, or assigning importance to something.
Wider consequentialism(in environmental ethics): A version of consequentialism that tries to value things beyond just animal suffering and pleasure—like ecosystems, beauty, or biodiversity—as morally important outcomes.
consequentialism(Applied to terrorism and legal punishment): The view that practices are judged solely by their consequences, such that a practice is wrong only if it has bad consequences on balance.
intrinsic value(Callicott (1980) in contrast to individualistic environmental ethics): Value possessed in and of itself, not derived from contribution to something else; in Callicott's holism, attributed exclusively to the biotic community as a whole rather than to individual organisms

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