The following paradox — perhaps the ultimate paradox of identity — derives from an argument of Church (1982). Suppose Pierre thinks that London and Londres are different cities, but of course doesn’t think that London is different from London, or that Londres is different from Londres. Assuming that proper names lack Fregean senses, we can apply LL to get the result that London and Londres are distinct. We have here an argument that, given the standard account of identity, merely thinking that \