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    Wittgenstein's rule-following considerations show that re... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Noninferential knowledge is secured by direct acquaintance with truth makers, and inferential knowledge is secured by direct acquaintance with logical and probabilistic connections between known propositions and other propositions.

    Wittgenstein's rule-following considerations show that recognizing a logical or probabilistic connection between propositions is itself a normative act, not mere direct acquaintance.

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    Key Terms

    Logical connection(as a type of relationship between propositions)
    A relationship between statements where one statement must be true if another is true—like how 'all cats are animals' logically connects to 'my cat is an animal.'
    Probabilistic connection(logic and epistemology)
    A link between two things where one supports or makes the other more believable, but doesn't guarantee it's true.
    Wittgenstein
    Ludwig Wittgenstein was an Austrian-British philosopher who fundamentally changed how people think about language and meaning in the 20th century. He argued that many philosophical problems arise from misunderstanding how words actually work in everyday life, rather than from deep metaphysical mysteries. His ideas influenced not just philosophy but also mathematics, logic, and even how people approach psychology and artificial intelligence today.
    direct acquaintance(Acquaintance theory)
    A non-inferential epistemic relation to a fact or state of affairs that grounds foundational justification for a corresponding belief.

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    normative act(as used in ethics)
    An action that sets or follows a standard or rule about how things should be, as opposed to just describing how things actually are.
    propositions(Answer to the question of what metaphysical category propositions belong to)
    Entities belonging to a sui generis metaphysical category of their own kind, not reducible to other categories
    rule-following considerations(in philosophy of language)
    Wittgenstein's famous puzzle about how we know what rule to follow next: if you learn a rule by seeing examples, how do you know you're applying it correctly to new cases you've never seen before?

    Connections

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedPerception1 linked

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    Noninferential knowledge is secured by direct acquaintance with truth makers, an...

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