
1920 – 2012
J.J.C. Smart (1920–2012) was an Australian analytic philosopher whose work spanned philosophy of mind, ethics, and metaphysics. He is best known for defending the mind-brain identity theory (type physicalism) and act utilitarianism, and for engaging seriously with philosophy of religion from a naturalist perspective.
Developed and defended the type identity theory of mind (mind-brain identity theory)
Championed act utilitarianism in moral philosophy
Advocated scientific realism and a physicalist metaphysics
Engaged critically with cosmological and ontological arguments from a naturalist standpoint
Co-authored 'Atheism and Theism' with J.J. Haldane, modeling rigorous philosophical debate across worldviews