b. 1966
Miranda Fricker (b. 1966) is a British philosopher best known for her foundational work in social epistemology, particularly her analysis of epistemic injustice. Her 2007 book *Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing* introduced the concepts of testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice, which have become central to contemporary discussions of knowledge, power, and identity. She is Professor of Philosophy at the CUNY Graduate Center.
Coined and systematized the concept of epistemic injustice in her 2007 monograph
Distinguished testimonial injustice (credibility deficits due to identity prejudice) from hermeneutical injustice (gaps in collective interpretive resources)
Integrated virtue epistemology with political philosophy to analyze structural epistemic harms
Influenced feminist philosophy, philosophy of race, and legal theory through the epistemic injustice framework
Developed an account of testimonial chains and the social dimensions of justification