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    Carmelics

    A reasoning platform. Break down any belief into clear reasons, explore both sides, and weigh the evidence honestly.

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    Susan Brower-Toland — Carmelics
    Thinkers/Susan Brower-Toland
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    Susan Brower-Toland

    contemporaryMedieval Philosophy, Analytic History of Philosophy

    Susan Brower-Toland is a contemporary philosopher specializing in medieval philosophy, with a particular focus on epistemology and cognitive theory in the late medieval period. Her research centers on figures such as John Buridan and the nature of mental representation, intentionality, and the degrees of epistemic warrant in scholastic thought. She is a professor at Saint Louis University and has contributed significantly to the interpretation of medieval theories of mind and knowledge.

    Notable Achievements

    1

    Developed influential interpretations of John Buridan's epistemology and theory of mental representation

    2

    Analyzed medieval distinctions between apodictic, probable, and opinionative knowledge

    3

    Advanced scholarship on intentionality and cognitive content in late scholastic thought

    4

    Contributed to the analytic recovery of medieval philosophy of mind

    Positions & Arguments(1)

    Skepticism

    claim

    Much of what we know yields only plausible (probabilis) rather than apodictic conclusions

    Truth & Knowledge

    claim

    Much of what we know yields only plausible (probabilis) rather than apodictic conclusions

    At a Glance

    Ideas

    1

    Topics

    2

    Era

    contemporary

    Tradition

    Medieval Philosophy, Analytic History of Philosophy

    Topic Influence

    Truth & Knowledge1
    Skepticism1

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    Stathis Psillos2 shared
    Bertrand Russell2 shared
    David Hume2 shared
    Aristotle2 shared

    Dive Deeper

    Explore Truth & Knowledge→See Skepticism→