- Modal adverbs(as used in logic and metaphysics)
- Words like 'necessarily' and 'contingently' that describe whether something *must* be true or *could* be otherwise.
- Necessarily
- "Necessarily" means something must be true in all possible situations—it's not just true right now, but couldn't be false under any circumstances. For example, "2+2=4 necessarily" means there's no possible way 2+2 could equal anything other than 4. This contrasts with "contingently" true facts, like "it's raining today," which happen to be true but could have been false.
- Nonstandard semantics(as used in philosophy of language)
- A non-traditional or unconventional way of explaining what something means.
- contingently(in modal logic)
- In a way that could be true or false; depending on specific circumstances rather than being required by logic or nature.
- modal properties(Discussion of what entities bear modal properties in the context of the modal argument)
- Properties such as being necessarily true, contingently true, necessarily false, or contingently false, and being true or false at a possible world.
- propositions(Answer to the question of what metaphysical category propositions belong to)
- Entities belonging to a sui generis metaphysical category of their own kind, not reducible to other categories
- semantics(Distinguished from metasemantics and pragmatics in Kaplan 1989)
- The domain that concerns the facts about what meanings words or phrases have.