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    The 'so-called' analogy fails because 'so-called' is expl... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→A nonstandard semantics of modal adverbs like 'necessarily' and 'contingently' could achieve the same result as denying that propositions bear modal properties, without abandoning that doctrine.

    The 'so-called' analogy fails because 'so-called' is explicitly metalinguistic, whereas modal adverbs embed freely under quantifiers and attitude verbs without metalinguistic readings.

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    Key Terms

    Attitude verbs(in semantics)
    Verbs that describe mental states or beliefs, like 'thinks,' 'believes,' 'wants,' or 'hopes'—they show what someone is thinking or feeling.
    Embed freely(in linguistics)
    Can be placed inside or combined with other parts of a sentence without creating grammar problems or strange meanings.
    Metalinguistic(as describing facts about language)
    Having to do with language itself rather than what language describes—it's about the properties of words and sentences, not the world.
    Modal adverbs(as used in logic and metaphysics)
    Words like 'necessarily' and 'contingently' that describe whether something *must* be true or *could* be otherwise.
    analogy(Contrasted with homology, which concerns correspondence due to common ancestry.)

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    A relation based on functional similarity between structures, which can occur despite different evolutionary origins.
    quantifiers(the logical form Russell said descriptions should take)
    Words like 'all,' 'some,' and 'none' that express how many things we're talking about; Russell argued that phrases like 'the king of France' should be understood using these quantity-words rather than as simple names.

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    2 topics

    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    A nonstandard semantics of modal adverbs like 'necessarily' and 'contingently' c...

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