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It is not the case that Any quest for the justification of retributive justice must start with the thought that the core of the concept is deserved punishment, not debt repayment.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Herbert Morris's influential 1968 'Persons and Punishment' grounds retributive desert itself in the unfair advantage offenders take over law-abiding citizens, making debt repayment conceptually prior to desert.
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2.
If desert is derivative of a prior debt-like imbalance in the distribution of burdens and benefits, then debt repayment is not a rival to deserved punishment but its justificatory foundation.
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3.
A justification of retributive justice that excludes debt repayment as foundational therefore rests on a false dichotomy between two concepts that are actually hierarchically related.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Aristotle's corrective justice in Nicomachean Ethics V grounds punishment in restoring an equalized balance, structurally identical to debt repayment.
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2.
If the oldest and most systematic philosophical account of punishment is debt-based, the claim that 'core' retributivism centers on desert requires defeating that historical foundation, not stipulating past it.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
The concept of retributive justice has evolved.
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2.
The core of the concept of retributive justice is no longer debt repayment but deserved punishment.
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