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    Boethius and Aquinas argued that God does not foreknow bu... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→God does not have knowledge of future contingent events because it is impossible for anyone, including God, to know such true propositions.

    Boethius and Aquinas argued that God does not foreknow but rather 'now-knows' all events from an atemporal vantage point.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.If God exists outside time, God perceives all moments simultaneously rather than sequentially, avoiding the logical problem of foreknowledge.
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    • 2.Atemporality preserves human free will since God's knowledge doesn't causally determine future events, only observes them timelessly.
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    • 3.This view reconciles omniscience with contingency: God knows what will freely happen without that knowledge making it necessary.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
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    • 1.Atemporality is metaphysically incoherent: timeless existence contradicts the relational nature of knowing, which requires temporal succession.
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    • 2.Even if God sees all moments at once, this doesn't solve the problem—God still knows the future will occur, making it seemingly necessary.
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    • 3.The view conflates epistemic access with causal determination without explaining why simultaneous knowledge avoids constraining human choice.
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    Against an attribute of God1 linkedFree Will & Foreknowledge1 linked

    Related

    Atemporality is metaphysically incoherent: timeless existence contradicts the re...Atemporality preserves human free will since God's knowledge doesn't causally de...Even if God sees all moments at once, this doesn't solve the problem—God still k...God does not have knowledge of future contingent events because it is impossible...
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    If God exists outside time, God perceives all moments simultaneously rather than...The view conflates epistemic access with causal determination without explaining...This view reconciles omniscience with contingency: God knows what will freely ha...

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    claim
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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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