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    Empirical studies show great apes, corvids, and cetaceans... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Only human agents have the relevant mental attitudes required for intentional action

    Empirical studies show great apes, corvids, and cetaceans exhibit goal-directed behavior toward represented future states without language.

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    1 reason for
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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Neuroimaging shows apes and corvids activate prefrontal regions associated with future planning during delay-of-gratification tasks.
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    • 2.Observed behaviors like tool caching, nest preparation, and route planning demonstrate anticipation of future needs without linguistic instruction.
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    • 3.These species show flexible adjustment of current actions based on predicted future states, indicating mental representation independent of language.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.Goal-directed behavior may reflect learned stimulus-response patterns or instinctive routines rather than conscious representation of future states.
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    • 2.We lack direct access to animal cognition; inferring internal mental models from behavior alone commits the attribution problem.
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    • 3.Language may be necessarily constitutive of genuine future-state representation rather than merely one way to express it.
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    Consciousness & Mind1 linkedMoral Responsibility1 linked

    Related

    Goal-directed behavior may reflect learned stimulus-response patterns or instinc...Language may be necessarily constitutive of genuine future-state representation ...Neuroimaging shows apes and corvids activate prefrontal regions associated with ...Observed behaviors like tool caching, nest preparation, and route planning demon...
    +3 moreShow less
    Only human agents have the relevant mental attitudes required for intentional ac...These species show flexible adjustment of current actions based on predicted fut...We lack direct access to animal cognition; inferring internal mental models from...

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    claim
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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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