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Inverse View
It is not the case that Substance is a formal concept with a central structural role in our conceptual scheme, not merely a name for certain important kinds of things in the world.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Aristotle's hylomorphic substance is individuated by matter and form intrinsic to things, not by structural roles in any conceptual scheme.
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2.
If substance were merely formal, Aristotle's distinction between primary and secondary substance would collapse into a purely logical taxonomy.
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3.
The persistence of individual substances through accidental change is grounded in the thing's own nature, not in our epistemic requirements for re-identification.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Quine's ontological relativity shows that what counts as a 'thing' is scheme-relative, undermining any claim that substance plays a uniquely privileged structural role.
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2.
If substance is a formal concept stabilizing our conceptual scheme, rival schemes lacking substance-talk—such as process ontologies—would be conceptually incoherent, yet Whitehead's metaphysics demonstrates they need not be.
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Reasons Against
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1.
In the Kantian framework, substance is necessary for the coherence of our conceptual scheme rather than being defined by the intrinsic nature of particular entities.
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2.
The role of substance is to give unity to our spatio-temporal framework and to enable individuation and re-identification of particulars.
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