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    The Nyāya inference that the world has an agent as an ins... — Carmelics
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    Home/Natural Theology
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    The Nyāya inference that the world has an agent as an instrumental cause is defeated by the upādhi having-a-perceptible-body

    CausationNatural Theology
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    2 reasons for
    1 reason against

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    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Gaṅgeśa's Tattvacintāmaṇi establishes that a genuine upādhi must be established independently of the very inference it purports to defeat.
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    • 2.The claim that all agents have perceptible bodies is itself derived inductively from observed agents, making it epistemically dependent on the same inductive base as the Nyāya inference.
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    • 3.A defeater that borrows its warrant from the inference it attacks commits a circular epistemic fault that disqualifies it as a legitimate upādhi under Navya-Nyāya standards.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
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    • 1.Udayana in Nyāyakusumāñjali argues that Īśvara's agency is established through inference to the best explanation of ordered complexity, not by direct perceptual analogy to embodied artisans.
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    • 2.The upādhi having-a-perceptible-body presupposes that pervasion holds between perceptible-bodied agents and effects we observe, but grass-growth already falsifies this universal claim, making the upādhi self-undermining rather than defeating.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.An upādhi defeats an inference when it pervades the probandum while failing to pervade the prover
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    • 2.Having-a-perceptible-body pervades having-an-agent-as-an-instrumental-cause: all agents have perceptible bodies
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    • 3.Growing grass is an effect (instance of the prover, being-an-effect) that does not have within its causal complex an agent with a perceptible body
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    Topics

    Natural TheologyCausation

    Related

    A defeater that borrows its warrant from the inference it attacks commits a circ...An upādhi defeats an inference when it pervades the probandum while failing to p...Gaṅgeśa's Tattvacintāmaṇi establishes that a genuine upādhi must be established ...Growing grass is an effect (instance of the prover, being-an-effect) that does n...
    +6 moreShow less
    Having-a-perceptible-body pervades having-an-agent-as-an-instrumental-cause: all...The claim that all agents have perceptible bodies is itself derived inductively ...The upādhi having-a-perceptible-body presupposes that pervasion holds between pe...Therefore having-a-perceptible-body does not pervade being-an-effect, satisfying...Udayana in Nyāyakusumāñjali argues that Īśvara's agency is established through i...When the upādhi conditions are met, the required pervasion between prover and pr...

    Similar

    Having-a-perceptible-body pervades having-an-agent-as-an-instrumental-...85%Therefore having-a-perceptible-body does not pervade being-an-effect, ...75%Reasons that cause agents to act in the physical world would be concei...73%The agent intellect illuminates the phantasma, serving as the other ca...72%

    Source

    AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid
    SEP: gangesa
    View source passageHide passage
    However, another refutation refined by Buddhist philosophers over the centuries is not dismissed so easily (Mokṣākāragupta 1998: 98; Patil 2009). The Nyāya argument falls to an upādhi, in this case the property, having-a-perceptible-body. As we have seen, an upādhi is defined as a property that pervades the probandum while failing to pervade the prover, that is to say, that is entailed by the presence of the probandum while not being instanced in at least one case of the prover. Having-an-agent-
    Extraction notes

    Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    3 (2 for, 1 against)
    Edits
    1 edit