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    The upādhi having-a-perceptible-body presupposes that per... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The Nyāya inference that the world has an agent as an instrumental cause is defeated by the upādhi having-a-perceptible-body

    The upādhi having-a-perceptible-body presupposes that pervasion holds between perceptible-bodied agents and effects we observe, but grass-growth already falsifies this universal claim, making the upādhi self-undermining rather than defeating.

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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Grass grows without perceptible-bodied agents (wind, bacteria), so pervasion between bodied-agents and observed effects fails universally.
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    • 2.A defining characteristic of an upādhi is that it must hold universally; if counterexamples exist, the upādhi cancels itself rather than refuting opponents.
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    • 3.Self-undermining criteria expose internal logical incoherence more effectively than external refutation, making the argument self-defeating.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.Grass-growth may involve imperceptible agents (soil microbes, nutrient uptake) that don't falsify the perceptible-bodied pervasion—only our observation.
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    • 2.The upādhi targets intentional agents producing effects; natural processes like growth may fall outside its scope, so grass-growth isn't a genuine counterexample.
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    • 3.An upādhi can still function validly even if some cases lack clear perceptible bodies; pragmatic validity doesn't require absolute universal pervasion.
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    Key Terms

    Self-undermining(in logic and argument)
    When an idea or rule contradicts itself or destroys the very thing it's trying to achieve.
    epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)
    A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
    pervasion(as used in Indian philosophy of logic)
    In logic, the idea that whenever one thing is present, another thing must also be present—like saying 'all smoke means fire' because smoke always goes with fire.
    universal claim(as used in logic and argumentation)
    A statement that says something is true in every single case with no exceptions, like 'all birds can fly.'
    upādhi(Nyāya-Buddhist debate on inference (anumāna))
    A property that pervades the probandum (is entailed by the presence of the probandum) while failing to pervade the prover (is not instanced in at least one case of the prover); its presence defeats an inference by showing the required pervasion between prover and probandum does not hold

    Connections

    2 topics

    Causation1 linkedNatural Theology1 linked

    Related

    A defining characteristic of an upādhi is that it must hold universally; if coun...An upādhi can still function validly even if some cases lack clear perceptible b...

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
    Grass grows without perceptible-bodied agents (wind, bacteria), so pervasion bet...
    Grass-growth may involve imperceptible agents (soil microbes, nutrient uptake) t...
    +3 moreShow less
    Self-undermining criteria expose internal logical incoherence more effectively t...The Nyāya inference that the world has an agent as an instrumental cause is defe...The upādhi targets intentional agents producing effects; natural processes like ...