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    Carmelics

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    Home/Original/inverse
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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that There is only one mode of sign-inference.

    ?Set your confidence on the premises below to see your aggregate.

    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Aristotle distinguishes demonstrative sign-inference (tekmerion) from merely probable sign-inference (semeion), grounded in logical necessity rather than induction.
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    • 2.A necessary sign like 'this woman has milk, therefore she has given birth' yields certainty through formal entailment, not experiential generalization from similar cases.
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    • 3.If some sign-inferences derive their epistemic force from logical necessity rather than accumulated observation, the inferential modes are irreducibly plural.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Stoic epistemology distinguishes commemorative signs (recalling co-observed phenomena) from indicative signs (revealing what is never directly observable), as Sextus Empiricus documents in Outlines of Pyrrhonism II.
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    • 2.Indicative signs, such as bodily motion as a sign of an unobservable soul, cannot be grounded in prior co-observation of sign and signified together, making experiential assurance from similar cases structurally impossible as their basis.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Assurance that a conclusion is true is produced in all cases by experience of similar cases.
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    • 2.Sign-inference proceeds by generalizing from observed similar cases to unobserved cases.
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    • 3.Both similar-sign inferences (e.g., all humans are mortal because those hereabouts are mortal) and dissimilar-sign inferences (e.g., movement as a sign of void) are grounded in experiential assurance.
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