Without a credible grounding for these counterfactuals, the apparatus of middle knowledge collapses into either Calvinisthard determinism or an unconstrained libertarianism incompatible with God's providential sovereignty.
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God's knowledge of what free creatures would freely do in counterfactual situations
counterfactuals(as used in logic and philosophy of free will (related to 'subjunctives of freedom'))
Statements about what *would* happen in situations that aren't actually happening—'if I had studied harder, I would have passed the test' is a counterfactual about a situation that didn't occur.
grounding(Drawn from contemporary metaphysics; proposed as potentially applicable to understanding the foundations of legality.)
A metaphysical relation in which some entities or facts are more foundational than others, providing a hierarchical structure of the world.
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.