Without knowing when or on which beliefs the mechanisms operate, self-deceivers are unable to curb the effects of these mechanisms, even when the mechanisms produce false beliefs about morally significant matters.
Levy (2004) has argued that non-intentional accounts of self-deception that deny the contradictory belief requirement should not suppose that self-deceivers are typically responsible, since it is rarely the case that self-deceivers possess the requisite awareness of the biasing mechanisms operating to produce their self-deceptive belief. Lacking such awareness, self-deceivers do not appear to know when or on which beliefs such mechanisms operate, rendering them unable to curb the effects of thes