1900 – 1954
Fritz London (1900–1954) was a German-American physicist and philosopher of science best known for his foundational contributions to quantum chemistry and the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity. He reframed chemical bonding as a quantum mechanical phenomenon and developed macroscopic quantum theories that remain central to condensed matter physics.
Co-developed the Heitler-London theory of the covalent bond (1927)
Formulated the London equations describing superconductivity with his brother Heinz
Introduced the concept of macroscopic quantum phenomena in superfluids and superconductors
Derived the London dispersion forces explaining intermolecular attraction
Advanced philosophical analysis of measurement and mensuration in relativity theory