1838 – 1900
Henry Sidgwick was a 19th-century English utilitarian philosopher and ethicist, best known for his magnum opus The Methods of Ethics (1874), which systematically analyzed and compared egoism, intuitionism, and utilitarianism. He was a founder of Newnham College, Cambridge, a pioneer of women's higher education, and a co-founder of the Society for Psychical Research.
Authored The Methods of Ethics (1874), considered one of the greatest works of moral philosophy
Developed the 'dualism of practical reason' between egoism and utilitarianism
Co-founded Newnham College, Cambridge, advancing women's higher education
Co-founded and served as first president of the Society for Psychical Research
Refined classical utilitarianism through rigorous analysis of competing ethical methods