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    Statements
    321,452
    Perspectives
    108,905
    Topics
    42
    Thomas Hobbes — Carmelics
    Thinkers/Thomas Hobbes
    Thomas Hobbes

    Thomas Hobbes

    modernEarly Modern Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Materialism

    1588 – 1679

    Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was an English philosopher whose materialist metaphysics and rigorous political theory made him one of the founding figures of modern Western philosophy. Best known for Leviathan (1651), he argued that without a sovereign authority, human life degenerates into a 'war of all against all.' His work laid foundational groundwork for social contract theory, mechanistic philosophy of mind, and the secular analysis of political legitimacy.

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    Notable Achievements

    1

    Formulated the social contract as the basis of political authority in Leviathan (1651)

    2

    Developed a thoroughgoing materialist account of mind, motion, and causation

    3

    Articulated the 'state of nature' as a methodological device for grounding political obligation

    4

    Advanced one of the earliest systematic arguments for absolute sovereignty as the precondition of civil peace

    5

    Contributed to early game-theoretic intuitions about rational cooperation and defection under anarchy

    Positions & Arguments(10)

    Moral Responsibility

    claim

    Heterosexual men cannot imagine how a female rape victim feels.

    claim

    Xunzi's criticism of Mencius has force when Mencius is interpreted via the water-metaphor view

    Consciousness & Mind

    claim

    Heterosexual men cannot imagine how a female rape victim feels.

    Virtue Ethics

    claim

    Xunzi's criticism of Mencius has force when Mencius is interpreted via the water-metaphor view

    claim

    Moral and aesthetic excellence are objective qualities in objects, not merely projections of the pleasure they cause in observers.

    Aesthetics

    claim

    Moral and aesthetic excellence are objective qualities in objects, not merely projections of the pleasure they cause in observers.

    Justice & Punishment

    claim

    Only the objective fact of actually being the true church can justify a church's right to persecute

    Rights & Liberty

    claim

    Only the objective fact of actually being the true church can justify a church's right to persecute

    claim

    An interpretive theory that appeals to the abstract intentions of constitutional authors over their concrete historical understandings may not qualify as genuine originalism and may instead collapse into living constitutionalism.

    Democracy & Governance

    claim

    An interpretive theory that appeals to the abstract intentions of constitutional authors over their concrete historical understandings may not qualify as genuine originalism and may instead collapse into living constitutionalism.

    Philosophy of Language

    claim

    Any theory that explains 'good' as an optative in unasserted contexts would render obviously valid arguments invalid by treating them as equivocal

    Skepticism

    claim

    Demonstrative reasoning cannot bridge the gap between past observations and conclusions about future regularities in nature

    claim

    Backward induction is self-undermining as a solution concept in certain extensive-form games

    Truth & Knowledge

    claim

    Demonstrative reasoning cannot bridge the gap between past observations and conclusions about future regularities in nature

    claim

    Backward induction is self-undermining as a solution concept in certain extensive-form games

    claim

    We can rationally believe both ourselves and God to be mental in nature from a practical point of view.

    Natural Theology

    claim

    We can rationally believe both ourselves and God to be mental in nature from a practical point of view.

    Free Will & Foreknowledge

    claim

    Disputes about free will ineluctably involve disputes about metaphysics and ethics.

    At a Glance

    Ideas

    10

    Topics

    12

    Era

    modern

    Tradition

    Early Modern Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Materialism

    Topic Influence

    Truth & Knowledge3
    Rights & Liberty2
    Virtue Ethics2
    Skepticism2
    Moral Responsibility2
    Democracy & Governance1
    Free Will & Foreknowledge1
    Consciousness & Mind1

    Related Thinkers

    Immanuel Kant11 sharedDavid Hume10 sharedAristotle9 sharedPlato9 sharedGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz9 sharedRené Descartes8 sharedJohn Locke8 shared

    Dive Deeper

    Explore Truth & Knowledge→See Rights & Liberty→
    F. Schlegel7 shared