1748 – 1832
Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. He advocated that the rightness of actions is determined by their contribution to overall happiness, famously summarized as 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number,' and applied this principle to law, economics, and social institutions.
Founded classical utilitarianism as a systematic ethical theory
Developed the felicific calculus for quantifying pleasure and pain
Authored 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation' (1789)
Pioneered legal positivism and extensive legal reform proposals
Designed the Panopticon prison concept and advocated for animal welfare and individual liberties