1646 – 1716
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German polymath and one of the most important philosophers and mathematicians of the early modern period. He developed a comprehensive rationalist metaphysics centered on his monadology, the principle of sufficient reason, and the thesis that this is the best of all possible worlds. His contributions spanned logic, mathematics, theology, and natural philosophy, making him one of the last great universal thinkers.
Developed the Monadology, a metaphysical system positing fundamental simple substances
Co-invented infinitesimal calculus independently of Newton
Formulated the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles
Articulated the theodicy that this is the best of all possible worlds
Pioneered symbolic logic and the concept of a universal characteristic (characteristica universalis)
Without independent moral grounding, aesthetic experience's natural tendency to morally good outcomes can be perverted.
premisePleasurable sentiments are a primary constituent of happiness.
claimAesthetic experience is of indirect moral value.
premiseArt can be put to perverse and immoral use as well as healthy and good use.
premiseWorks of art make abstract moral precepts effective on our action.
claimAesthetic experience is of direct moral value.
premiseFree and unhindered activity of the representational capacity produces pleasurable sentiments.
premiseAesthetic experience is a variety of free and unhindered activity of the representational capacity.
premiseWorks of art enliven our abstract knowledge of moral precepts.
claimAn independent grasp of and commitment to fundamental moral principles is necessary even given art's natural tendency toward moral good.
claimSulzer's moral theory is not egocentric.
Without independent moral grounding, aesthetic experience's natural tendency to morally good outcomes can be perverted.
premisePleasurable sentiments are a primary constituent of happiness.
premiseNormal human beings naturally desire for others what they desire for themselves.
claimAesthetic experience is of indirect moral value.
Art can be put to perverse and immoral use as well as healthy and good use.