The Problem of Universally Positive Inference. There are, claim the Nyāya, patterns of legitimate inference in which the property inferred has as its extension the entire domain. Such inference are called ‘kevalānvayin’ or ‘universally positive’ (cf. TS 55). The stock Nyāya example is the inference “This is nameable, because it is knowable”, nameability being regarded as a property of everything. Another example would be “This exists because it is produced”. If such an inference is sound, then i