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    Carmelics

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    Home/Original/inverse
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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that Species are not natural kinds, or the view that kindhood is fixed by intrinsic properties must be revised

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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.The criteria advanced by most species concepts involve relational rather than intrinsic properties of organisms
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    • 2.If natural kinds are fixed by intrinsic properties, then kinds defined by relational properties would not qualify as natural kinds
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Phylogenetic species concepts individuate species by historical descent relations, which are irreducibly relational and extrinsic to any organism's intrinsic properties.
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    • 2.Two organisms can be intrinsic duplicates yet belong to different species if their lineages diverged, as Kripke's modal argument about origin implies historical facts are essential.
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    • 3.Any account of species as natural kinds must appeal to relational-historical properties, directly requiring revision of intrinsic-property-based kindhood criteria.
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    Reason against 2 of 2
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    • 1.John Dupré's promiscuous realism and David Hull's process ontology demonstrate that biological species lack the homeostatic property clusters Boyd requires for natural kind membership.
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    • 2.Massive intraspecific variation documented by population genetics means no stable intrinsic property set reliably tracks species boundaries across all members and life stages.
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