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    The proposition 'Every German philosopher is European' is... — Carmelics
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    Home/Philosophy of Language
    HistoryEditSee Inverse

    The proposition 'Every German philosopher is European' is universally valid with respect to the idea [philosopher]

    Philosophy of Language
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    1 reason for
    2 reasons against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.Every German is European
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    • 2.A proposition is universally valid with respect to a sequence of ideas if it holds for all substitutions of those ideas
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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Universal validity requires substitution to preserve logical form, but 'philosopher' is not a purely logical idea in Bolzano's own framework.
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    • 2.If 'philosopher' carries substantive content, its substitution may alter the proposition's truth-conditions rather than merely its extension.
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    • 3.Therefore, variation with respect to 'philosopher' tests empirical co-extension, not logical validity in Bolzano's intended sense.
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    Reason against 2 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Quine's critique of analyticity shows that no non-trivial universal generalization is insulated from empirical revision by meaning alone.
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    • 2.The claim that all substitutions for 'philosopher' preserve truth assumes a stable, meaning-fixed extension immune to such revision.
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    • 3.A non-European thinker meeting all criteria for 'German philosopher' would falsify the proposition, making it empirically contingent rather than universally valid.
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    Topics

    Philosophy of Language

    Related

    A non-European thinker meeting all criteria for 'German philosopher' would falsi...A proposition is universally valid with respect to a sequence of ideas if it hol...Every German is EuropeanIf 'philosopher' carries substantive content, its substitution may alter the pro...
    +4 moreShow less
    Quine's critique of analyticity shows that no non-trivial universal generalizati...The claim that all substitutions for 'philosopher' preserve truth assumes a stab...Therefore, variation with respect to 'philosopher' tests empirical co-extension,...Universal validity requires substitution to preserve logical form, but 'philosop...

    Similar

    The proposition 'Every German philosopher is American' is universally ...95%All philosopher-variants of 'Every German philosopher is European' are...88%Varying only the [philosopher] idea in 'Every German philosopher is Eu...88%A proposition is logically true iff it is universally valid with respe...79%

    Source

    AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid
    SEP: bolzano
    View source passageHide passage
    The result of applying the operation of variation to a proposition depends essentially on our choice of ideas to be varied in the proposition in question. And it can depend on matters of fact whether or not a proposition is universally valid (or contravalid) with respect to a sequence \(i\) of ideas. Thus, e.g., it is due to the fact that every German is European and no German is American that the proposition [Every German philosopher is European] is universally valid and the proposition [Every
    Extraction notes

    Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    3 (1 for, 2 against)
    Edits
    1 edit