1844 – 1906
Ludwig Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist and philosopher best known for his foundational work in statistical mechanics and the kinetic theory of gases. He provided a probabilistic interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics, famously encapsulated in his entropy formula S = k log W, and defended atomism against its critics.
Formulated the statistical definition of entropy (Boltzmann's entropy formula)
Developed the kinetic theory of gases and the Boltzmann equation
Defended atomism against phenomenalist and positivist opponents
Proposed the H-theorem explaining the second law of thermodynamics
Influenced later philosophy of science through his views on models and theory
Reichenbach was not able to recognize the Weyl method as other than an equivalent account of empirical determination of the metric
claimThe semantics of a formal system rich enough to contain elementary mathematics cannot be fully defined in terms of mathematical functions within that same system.